This is PermitBase’s published record for Chandler as of 2026-06-29. It has since been superseded — see the current record. A historical record reflects what PermitBase had verified at that time; it may not capture a real-world change the jurisdiction had made but PermitBase had not yet verified, and it includes any errors we later corrected. Snapshots are never edited retroactively.
Chandler building permits
VerifiedChandler, Arizona — as published 2026-06-29.
Verified 2026-07-16 · Source
Codes adopted
Permit types & fees
Residential Building Permit (New Home / Addition / Remodel)
VerifiedA building permit is required for new single-family residential construction, room additions, remodels, and most structural work in Chandler. Permit applications and plan submittals are submitted electronically through the Citizen Access portal (aca-prod.accela.com/CHANDLER/) or in person at 215 E. Buffalo St. Walk-in plan review is available Monday–Friday 8:00 AM–4:30 PM for residential additions and renovations. Building permit fees are valuation-based (ICC Building Valuation Data); plan review is 65% of the permit fee. Plans submitted on or after July 1, 2025 must comply with the 2024 I-Codes and 2023 NEC (Ordinance No. 5108).
Verified 2026-07-16 · Source
Requirements
- Apply through the Citizen Access portal or walk-in at 215 E. Buffalo St.; electronic submittal recommended
- Plans submitted on or after July 1, 2025 must comply with the 2024 International Residential Code and 2023 NEC with Chandler amendments (Ordinance No. 5108)
- Submit: completed Building Permit application; plot plan showing property lines, all existing buildings with dimensions, proposed addition/structure with distances to property lines, and total square footage; structural details (footings, post-to-beam connections, truss calculations); floor plan and building elevations; mechanical, plumbing, and electrical plans (if applicable)
- Plot plan required for every permit that requires building plans; Maricopa County Assessor GIS maps may be used to assist in locating property lines
- Licensed contractor generally required; owner-occupant performing own work is exempt per ARS 32-1121A (does not apply to rental or lease properties)
- Prior to submitting for an addition, speak with a City Planner (480-782-3050) to determine zoning building setbacks, lot coverage, and architectural design requirements
- HOA approval should be obtained before applying to the city — the City does not enforce HOA regulations
- Working without a permit results in doubled permit fees and possible Order to Comply or required removal of non-compliant work
Required documents
- RequiredBuilding Permit ApplicationChandler permit application; available at the Citizen Access portal or UDM Applications, Fees and Checklists page
- RequiredPlot PlanRequired for every permit requiring building plans; must show property lines, all existing buildings with distances to property lines, proposed addition with distances to property lines, and total lot and building square footage
- RequiredFloor Plan and ElevationsDimensioned floor plan showing windows and sizes, location of plumbing fixtures, electrical outlets, heating, lighting and smoke alarms; exterior elevations showing existing and proposed construction
- OptionalStructural DetailsFootings, post-to-beam connections, truss calculations and sealed truss design, shear panel details, and other structural information; engineer-sealed truss calculations required if engineered roof trusses are used
Fee schedule
| Fee type | Amount | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Building permit — valuation-based fee table (Res. 4703) | $1.00–$500: $50.00; $501–$2,000: $50.00 for first $500 plus $1.20 per additional $100; $2,001–$25,000: $68.00 for first $2,000 plus $12.50 per additional $1,000; $25,001–$50,000: $355.50 for first $25,000 plus $9.00 per additional $1,000; $50,001–$100,000: $580.50 for first $50,000 plus $6.25 per additional $1,000; $100,001–$500,000: $893.00 for first $100,000 plus $5.00 per additional $1,000; $500,001–$1,000,000: $2,893.00 for first $500,000 plus $4.25 per additional $1,000; $1,000,001 and up: $5,018.00 for first $1,000,000 plus $2.75 per additional $1,000 | City of Chandler Fee Schedule (Building Safety §29-1, Res. Show full citationHideCity of Chandler Fee Schedule (Building Safety §29-1, Res. 4703), Section 4.6.1. Valuation for new construction = ICC Building Valuation Data $/sq ft; alterations = all construction costs approved by the Building Official. Minimum fee $50.00 (valuation $500 or less). Working without a permit: fees are doubled. |
| Plan review fee | 65% of the building permit fee | City of Chandler Fee Schedule, Section 4.6.2(a). Due at time of plan submittal. Expedited plan review (at Building Official's discretion): twice the normal plan review fee (4.6.2(c)). Additional revisions to approved plans: $60.00/hour, 1-hour minimum. |
| Foundation Only Permit | 25% of the calculated building permit fee | City of Chandler Fee Schedule, Section 4.6.4(h). |
| Re-inspection fee | $60.00/hour, 1-hour minimum | City of Chandler Fee Schedule, Section 4.6.3(b). |
| Permit Reinstatement (within one year of expiration) | 50% of current permit fee | City of Chandler Fee Schedule, Section 4.6.4(i). |
Electrical Permit
VerifiedElectrical work in Chandler is governed by the 2023 National Electrical Code (NEC) with Chandler amendments (Ordinance No. 5108, City Code Chapter 29 Article III). Electrical permits are required for most electrical work including panel upgrades, new circuits, service changes, and rewiring. A flat fee of $100.00 applies for residential electrical service upgrades of 400 amps or less. Minor residential work (1–2 branch electrical circuits along with minor gas or plumbing work) may qualify for a flat $100.00 miscellaneous fee. Like-for-like replacement of circuit breakers is exempt from permit per the Homeowner's Building Permit Manual.
Verified 2026-07-16 · Source
Requirements
- Electrical work must comply with the 2023 NEC with Chandler amendments (Ordinance No. 5108, City Code Chapter 29, Article III)
- Apply through the Citizen Access portal or walk-in to 215 E. Buffalo St.
- Provide panel schedule showing existing and new breakers; load calculations may be required if adding a sub-panel
- Specify size and type of conductors, conduit type, and burial depth for underground work; indicate length of all above-ground or attic runs
- Show grounding electrode conductor and grounding electrode (minimum 8-foot rod with acorn clamp, minimum solid #4 AWG bare copper; or UFER — 20 feet of solid #4 AWG bare copper in concrete)
- Licensed contractor required unless owner-occupant performs own work (ARS 32-1121A; does not apply if property is rented or leased)
- Like-for-like replacement of circuit breakers does NOT require a permit (Homeowner's Building Permit Manual)
Required documents
- RequiredBuilding Permit ApplicationChandler permit application used for electrical work; available at Citizen Access portal or the UDM Applications, Fees and Checklists page
- OptionalPanel Schedule and Load CalculationsShowing existing and new breakers; load calculations required if adding a sub-panel; Appendix B of the Homeowner's Building Permit Manual provides a load calculation form
Fee schedule
| Fee type | Amount | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Electrical service upgrade — flat fee (400 amps or less) | $100.00 | City of Chandler Fee Schedule, Section 4.6.4(b): 'Electrical service 400 amps or less — $100.00.' This flat fee applies to residential electrical service work of 400 amps or less. |
| Miscellaneous minor residential work — flat fee (1–2 branch electrical circuits combined with minor gas/plumbing) | $100.00 | City of Chandler Fee Schedule, Section 4.6.4(q): 'Miscellaneous minor residential work (1–6 gas outlets, 1–2 branch electrical circuits, 1–6 plumbing openings, etc.) — $100.00.' Applies only to the specified minor scope. |
| Electrical permit — valuation-based (larger projects) | Per valuation-based fee table (§4.6.1); plan review 65% of permit fee | For electrical work not covered by the flat fees above, fees follow the valuation-based table (City of Chandler Fee Schedule §4.6.1, Res. 4703). |
Plumbing Permit
VerifiedPlumbing work in Chandler is governed by the 2024 International Plumbing Code (IPC) with Chandler amendments (Ordinance No. 5108, City Code Chapter 29, Article IV). Plumbing permits are required for new plumbing installations, additions to, or modifications of existing plumbing systems. Like-for-like replacement of water heaters and water softeners is explicitly exempt from permit per the Homeowner's Building Permit Manual. Minor residential work combining 1–6 plumbing openings with minor gas or electrical work qualifies for a flat $100.00 miscellaneous fee.
Verified 2026-07-16 · Source
Requirements
- Plumbing work must comply with the 2024 IPC with Chandler amendments (Ordinance No. 5108, City Code Chapter 29, Article IV)
- Apply through the Citizen Access portal or walk-in to 215 E. Buffalo St.
- Like-for-like replacement of water heaters and water softeners does NOT require a permit (Homeowner's Building Permit Manual)
- For additions with new plumbing fixtures, provide a Water Meter Worksheet (Appendix A of the Homeowner's Building Permit Manual); water meter worksheet information must appear on the plans, not a separate sheet
- Minimum water meter size for new construction is 1 inch
Required documents
- RequiredBuilding Permit ApplicationChandler permit application used for plumbing work; available at Citizen Access portal
- OptionalWater Meter WorksheetRequired when adding plumbing fixtures; information must appear on the plans. A sample worksheet (Appendix A) is in the Homeowner's Building Permit Manual
Fee schedule
| Fee type | Amount | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Miscellaneous minor residential work — flat fee (1–6 plumbing openings combined with minor gas/electrical) | $100.00 | City of Chandler Fee Schedule, Section 4.6.4(q): 'Miscellaneous minor residential work (1–6 gas outlets, 1–2 branch electrical circuits, 1–6 plumbing openings, etc.) — $100.00.' Applies to minor scope only. |
| Plumbing permit — valuation-based (larger projects) | Per valuation-based fee table (§4.6.1); plan review 65% of permit fee | For plumbing work not covered by the miscellaneous flat fee, fees follow the valuation-based table (City of Chandler Fee Schedule §4.6.1, Res. 4703). |
Mechanical / HVAC Permit
VerifiedMechanical and HVAC work in Chandler is governed by the 2024 International Mechanical Code (IMC) and 2024 International Fuel Gas Code (IFGC) with Chandler amendments (Ordinance No. 5108). Permits are required for new mechanical systems, additions to, or modifications of existing mechanical systems. Like-for-like replacement of furnaces and evaporative coolers is exempt from permit. Gas permits require a riser schematic showing all gas line runs, BTU ratings of all appliances, pipe sizes and types, and burial depth for underground lines.
Verified 2026-07-16 · Source
Requirements
- Mechanical/HVAC work must comply with the 2024 IMC and 2024 IFGC with Chandler amendments (Ordinance No. 5108, City Code Chapter 29, Articles V and VII)
- Apply through the Citizen Access portal or walk-in to 215 E. Buffalo St.
- Like-for-like replacement of furnaces and evaporative coolers does NOT require a permit (Homeowner's Building Permit Manual)
- For gas work: provide a gas riser schematic showing the length of all sections of gas line starting at the meter, all existing and proposed appliances, total BTU rating of each appliance, line sizes, line types, and trench/burial depth (pipe must be 12 inches below grade minimum)
- Gas system pressure test: not less than 1.5 times maximum working pressure but no less than 3 psig; test duration not less than 10 minutes; test conducted through the open valve and flex line; flex line must be capped at the appliance connection
- PE (polyethylene) plastic pipe requires minimum 8-, 12-, or 18-inch-deep trench and a continuous insulated 18-gauge copper tracer wire; PE not allowed beneath any building slab or structure; galvanized fittings or piping prohibited in underground gas systems
Required documents
- RequiredBuilding Permit ApplicationChandler permit application used for mechanical/HVAC work; available at Citizen Access portal
- OptionalGas Riser SchematicRequired for gas line work; shows all sections of gas line from meter, all appliances, BTU ratings, pipe sizes, pipe types, and burial depth
Fee schedule
| Fee type | Amount | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Miscellaneous minor residential work — flat fee (minor gas outlets combined with minor electrical/plumbing) | $100.00 | City of Chandler Fee Schedule, Section 4.6.4(q): 'Miscellaneous minor residential work (1–6 gas outlets, 1–2 branch electrical circuits, 1–6 plumbing openings, etc.) — $100.00.' Applies to minor scope only. |
| Mechanical/HVAC permit — valuation-based (larger projects) | Per valuation-based fee table (§4.6.1); plan review 65% of permit fee | For mechanical/HVAC work not covered by the miscellaneous flat fee, fees follow the valuation-based table (City of Chandler Fee Schedule §4.6.1, Res. 4703). |
Roofing Permit
VerifiedA roofing permit is required in Chandler when re-roofing with a different material type (e.g., replacing asphalt shingles with concrete tile) or when replacing like material that already has two or more layers. Like-for-like replacement of roof coverings that does not increase the load on the structural frame is exempt from permit per the Homeowner's Building Permit Manual. Engineering analysis is required for changes to heavier roofing materials to confirm the existing roof assembly can withstand additional loads.
Verified 2026-07-16 · Source
Requirements
- A permit is required when replacing roofing material with a different type (e.g., converting to concrete tile) — an engineering analysis is required to confirm the existing structure can carry the new load
- A permit is required when replacing like roofing material that already has two or more existing layers
- Like-for-like replacement of roof coverings where the replacement roof does not increase the load on the structural frame does NOT require a permit (Homeowner's Building Permit Manual, item 10)
- Apply through the Citizen Access portal or walk-in; minimum roof slopes per patio-cover standards: asphalt shingles 2:12, clay tile 2.5:12, roll roofing 1:12
- One-coat stucco systems always require a permit and inspection; three-coat stucco systems require a permit for lath inspection
Required documents
- RequiredBuilding Permit ApplicationChandler permit application; available at Citizen Access portal
- OptionalEngineering Analysis (for material change to heavier roofing)Required when replacing existing roofing with a heavier material (e.g., concrete tile) to confirm the existing roof assembly can withstand the additional load
Fee schedule
| Fee type | Amount | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Roofing permit — valuation-based fee table | Per valuation-based fee table (§4.6.1): $2,001–$25,000 = $68.00 for first $2,000 plus $12.50 per additional $1,000; $25,001–$50,000 = $355.50 for first $25,000 plus $9.00 per additional $1,000. Minimum $50.00. | City of Chandler Fee Schedule §4.6.1 (Res. 4703). Valuation = all construction costs. Plan review = 65% of permit fee. |
Residential Solar Photovoltaic (PV) System Permit
VerifiedA residential solar photovoltaic system permit is required in Chandler for rooftop solar PV installations. The flat permit fee is $150.00 (Res. 4703, Fee Schedule §4.6.4(k)). A separate solar water heating system permit fee of $150.00 also applies to solar thermal installations. Apply through the Citizen Access portal or walk-in at 215 E. Buffalo St. All plans submitted on or after July 1, 2025 must comply with the 2023 NEC with Chandler amendments and the 2024 IBC/IRC.
Verified 2026-07-16 · Source
Requirements
- Apply through the Citizen Access portal or walk-in at 215 E. Buffalo St.
- Plans submitted on or after July 1, 2025 must comply with the 2023 NEC and 2024 IBC/IRC with Chandler amendments (Ordinance No. 5108)
- Licensed contractor required for solar installation unless owner-occupant performs work (ARS 32-1121A; does not apply to rental/lease properties)
- Provide panel schedule showing existing and new breakers for any electrical service work required for the solar installation
Required documents
- RequiredBuilding Permit ApplicationChandler permit application; available at Citizen Access portal
Fee schedule
| Fee type | Amount | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Residential solar photovoltaic system permit fee — flat fee | $150.00 | City of Chandler Fee Schedule, Section 4.6.4(k): 'Residential solar photovoltaic system permit fee (Res. 4703) — $150.00.' This flat fee applies specifically to residential solar PV installations. |
| Residential solar water heating system permit fee — flat fee | $150.00 | City of Chandler Fee Schedule, Section 4.6.4(l): 'Residential solar water heating system permit fee (Res. 4703) — $150.00.' Applies to solar thermal (hot water) systems, distinct from solar PV. |
Residential Pool / Spa Permit
VerifiedAll swimming pools and spas in Chandler require a permit except prefabricated pools less than 18 inches deep. The flat permit fees are $110.00 for a pool and $55.00 for a spa (Fee Schedule §4.6.4(d) and (e)). Engineering plans stamped and sealed by an engineer are required for all custom in-ground pools and spas; plans are required for pre-manufactured above-ground pools and spas. Pools must not occupy the front yard and cannot be built across a property line. The 2024 ISPSC with Chandler amendments governs pool construction. Chandler pool barrier requirements mandate a 6-foot exterior barrier; interior barriers may be 4 feet.
Verified 2026-07-16 · Source
Requirements
- All pools and spas require a permit except prefabricated pools less than 18 inches deep (Homeowner's Building Permit Manual, 'Work Exempt from Permit,' item 7)
- Engineering plans stamped and sealed by an engineer are required for all custom in-ground pools and spas; plans required for all pre-manufactured above-ground pools and spas
- Swimming pools shall not occupy any front yard; no pool or cool decking can be built across a property line
- Pool equipment must be 5 feet from the water's edge; pool cannot be built within 5 feet of a building foundation without an engineered surcharge design
- All easements must be cleared by utility companies before construction
- Glazing within 5 feet of the water's edge where the bottom edge is less than 60 inches above grade must be safety-glazed (tinting film does not satisfy this requirement)
- Pool barrier (exterior perimeter): minimum 6 feet above finished grade including all gates and doors; interior barrier (dwelling side): minimum 4 feet high
- Pool barrier fence: no horizontal/vertical openings allowing a 4-inch sphere to pass; maximum vertical clearance at grade 2 inches on exterior side; wire mesh or chain link maximum mesh size 2.25 inches square
- Pedestrian access gates must be self-closing, self-latching, and open outward from the pool; gate latches at least 54 inches above finished grade or made inaccessible to small children from outside
Required documents
- RequiredBuilding Permit ApplicationChandler permit application; available at Citizen Access portal or walk-in
- RequiredEngineer-Stamped Pool PlansEngineering plans stamped and sealed by an engineer; required for all custom in-ground pools/spas and all pre-manufactured above-ground pools/spas
- RequiredPlot PlanShowing the pool location on the lot, distances to property lines, and easement locations
Fee schedule
| Fee type | Amount | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Residential pool permit fee — flat fee | $110.00 | City of Chandler Fee Schedule, Section 4.6.4(d): 'Residential pool permit fee — $110.00.' |
| Residential spa permit fee — flat fee | $55.00 | City of Chandler Fee Schedule, Section 4.6.4(e): 'Residential spa permit fee — $55.00.' |
Accessory Dwelling Unit (ADU) Permit
VerifiedAccessory Dwelling Units (ADUs) in Chandler are permitted on any single-family lot where a single-family dwelling is the principal use, subject to Chandler City Code Section 35-2202.2. A maximum of one attached and one detached ADU is allowed per lot. An ADU may not exceed 75% of the gross floor area of the primary dwelling or 1,000 sq ft, whichever is less. ADUs must use the same utility meters as the primary residence, have a separate and independent entrance, comply with front yard setbacks, and maintain minimum 5-foot rear and side yard setbacks. Exterior design must use stucco or EIFS wall cladding and a concrete tile roof with 4:12 slope (or match the primary dwelling's design). A building permit is required.
Verified 2026-07-16 · Source
Requirements
- Allowed on lots where a single-family dwelling is the principal use; maximum one attached + one detached ADU per lot (a second detached ADU may be permitted on lots of 1 acre or more if one ADU is deed-restricted as affordable)
- ADU may not exceed 75% of the gross floor area of the primary dwelling or 1,000 sq ft, whichever is less
- Rear and side yard setbacks no less than 5 feet; must comply with front yard setbacks and building height limits of the zoning district
- Must be served by the same water, sewer, and electric-utility providers and meters as the primary residence (separate meters not permitted)
- Must have a separate and independent entrance from the primary residence
- Exterior design: stucco or EIFS wall cladding; concrete tile roof with 4:12 slope; additional accent material consistent with primary dwelling; OR design may be commensurate with primary dwelling in materials, colors, and architectural style
- Contact City Planner (480-782-3050) before submitting to verify zoning requirements, setbacks, and lot coverage
- Apply through Citizen Access portal; submit completed Building Permit Application, plot plan, structural drawings, and trade plans
- ADU shall not be constructed in advance of the principal structure
Required documents
- RequiredBuilding Permit ApplicationChandler permit application; available at Citizen Access portal
- RequiredPlot PlanShowing primary dwelling, proposed ADU location, distances to all property lines, total lot square footage, and all building footprints
- RequiredConstruction DrawingsFloor plan, exterior elevations, structural details, and trade plans (electrical, plumbing, mechanical); must show ADU is architecturally compatible with the primary dwelling per City Code 35-2202.2(f)
Fee schedule
| Fee type | Amount | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| ADU building permit — valuation-based fee table | Per valuation-based fee table (§4.6.1); plan review 65% of permit fee. Typical ADU values fall in the $50,001–$100,000 range: $580.50 for first $50,000 plus $6.25 per additional $1,000. | City of Chandler Fee Schedule §4.6.1 (Res. 4703). No separate ADU-specific fee; ADUs are permitted as residential construction under the standard valuation-based table. |
| Administrative fee for permits from approved standard plans | $75.00 | City of Chandler Fee Schedule, Section 4.6.4(n): 'Administrative fee for permits from approved standard plans — $75.00.' Applicable if using a city-approved standard plan for the ADU. |
Fence / Wall / Retaining Wall Permit
VerifiedIn Chandler, fences not over 7 feet high do not require a building permit but all fences and walls require zoning clearance regardless of height. A building permit is required for fences over 7 feet high (prior Planning approval also required), retaining walls over 4 feet in height (measured from bottom of footing to top) unless supporting surcharge, and fences placed on top of retaining walls. Front yard maximum fence height is 3 feet; rear and side yard maximum is 7 feet. All fences must be maintained at least 3 feet from fire hydrants or utilities. 4-inch-thick masonry walls are not an approved system for retaining walls.
Verified 2026-07-16 · Source
Requirements
- No building permit required for fences not over 7 feet high (Homeowner's Building Permit Manual, 'Work Exempt from Permit,' item 2)
- All fences and walls require zoning clearance regardless of height — call the Planner of the Day at 480-782-3050
- Building permit (and prior Planning approval) required: fences over 7 feet high; retaining walls over 4 feet in height (bottom of footing to top) that retain earth; fences placed on top of retaining walls
- Retaining walls not over 4 feet (bottom of footing to top) that do not support surcharge do NOT require a permit
- Maximum fence height: 7 feet in rear and side yards; 3 feet in front yards
- All fences must be at least 3 feet from fire hydrants or utilities
- Corner lot fences must not pose a safety hazard to pedestrians or drivers; see City of Chandler Street Standards C-246 to C-248 for required clearances
- If a pool fence is being replaced, the pool area must remain secured during construction
- 4-inch-thick masonry/CMU walls are not an approved system for use as retaining walls
- Contact Arizona Blue Stake (811) at least two days before digging
Required documents
- OptionalBuilding Permit Application (for permitted fences/walls)Chandler permit application; required for fences over 7 feet or retaining walls over 4 feet
- OptionalPlot Plan / Site PlanShowing fence/wall location, property lines, and distances; required for permitted fences and walls
Fee schedule
| Fee type | Amount | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Fence / retaining wall permit — valuation-based fee table | Per valuation-based fee table (§4.6.1): $1.00–$500 = $50.00; $501–$2,000 = $50.00 plus $1.20 per additional $100; $2,001–$25,000 = $68.00 plus $12.50 per additional $1,000. Most residential fences fall in the lower valuation tiers. | City of Chandler Fee Schedule §4.6.1 (Res. 4703). Valuation = all construction costs. |
Demolition Permit
VerifiedA demolition permit is required in Chandler for demolition of commercial or residential structures. The flat permit fee is $100.00 (Fee Schedule §4.6.4(a)). Apply through the Citizen Access portal or walk-in at 215 E. Buffalo St.
Verified 2026-07-16 · Source
Requirements
- A demolition permit is required for demolition of commercial or residential structures
- Apply through the Citizen Access portal or walk-in at 215 E. Buffalo St.
- Contact Arizona Blue Stake (811) before any excavation associated with demolition
Required documents
- RequiredBuilding Permit ApplicationChandler permit application; available at Citizen Access portal
Fee schedule
| Fee type | Amount | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Demolition permit — flat fee | $100.00 | City of Chandler Fee Schedule, Section 4.6.4(a): 'Demolition permit, commercial/residential — $100.00.' This flat fee applies to both commercial and residential demolition. |
Sources & verification
Verified against official sources. Last reviewed 2026-07-16.
Fee schedules
Checklists & handouts
Codes & ordinances
Department & other records
Fees, timelines, and adopted codes are researched from each jurisdiction's published records — see how we verify. Requirements change and vary by project, so always confirm the current details with the Chandler building department before you submit. PermitBase is an independent reference and is not affiliated with any government agency.